Technical communication in english

Ping Dunn Technical Communication – definition ETC is the theory and practice of effective info exchange at work- working communication ETC is a sub-discipline of communication studies (CSS) that deal with the processes of transmitting or exchanging info other sub-dish. Mass communication, mass media com, business com, health com, etc. ETC Is more general In theory than other sub-disciplines of CSS mass, health and business com deal with only one profession ETC is widely applied to the com. Activities In many professions except literature The reminisces and skills of ETC Is also applicable In other languages, not only English The purposes: 2 major – to inform- enables audience to understand info -to persuade – to convince audience to accept Idea ETC is not for the purpose to appreciate art or literature or drama What is effective communication? II. Features of modern communication Our age is the age of info. No technology – no work, life.Typical features o f MS – we have too much Info to deal with – we have to handle multidisciplinary info that we do not understand We cannot hanged the features in modern communication But we can change out language to make it work for us. We can make It simpler and easier. How to improve our language for effective communication? Ill. Pragmatic rules In ETC Deft: Rules of Language in use concerning the application of language audiences – in specific contexts – for particular purposes These rules work In specific conditions – to intend Rule 1: Follow the time order in process description: what happens first, comes first. OFF There exist different pragmatic rules of language in specific contexts. Sentences of he same meaning but different structures may affect the efficiency of communication. The objective of ETC is to put the pragmatic rules into practice so as to increase the efficiency of communication at work. IV. Three Essential Criteria of ETC 1. Comprehensibility 2. Usability 3. Accessibility 1 .Comprehensibility (easy to understand) Expressing info so the audience can understand it quickly and accurately English thinking process is lenient – like a line – easier to understand the Active better than the Passive Passive voice slows down thinking process and decreases efficiency Rule 1: Avoid using passive voice whenever possible Rule 2: Avoid using the â€Å"weak-verb + multinational† structure Rule 3: Avoid using noun-string pre-modifiers To increase comprehensibility of info you should learn technical rhetoric in writing. . Usability (Easy to use) Definition: Expressing your idea in a way that the audience can follow it to complete the task. Readers of MAT fall into three categories – professionals of the discipline – professionals of related disciplines – general readers or average people Technical writing is a writer-responsible writing It is the writers' responsibility to make their writing easy for all readers to use.To make your writing useful to the reader, you should conduct audience analysis: audience's education: write according to the lowest level education of your predicted audience; professional experience, cultural background, emotion and motivation: be reader-friendly, know your audience 3. Acceptability (Easy to find) Definition: Enabling your audience to find what they want quickly and accurately from large amounts of info. 1. A world-wall writing 2. A structured-writing or info-map

Life and Works of Toni Morrison Essay

The Life and Work of Toni Morrison Toni Morrison, a premier contemporary American novelist, chronicles the African-American experience. Morrison has written six novels and a collection of essays and lectures. Her work has won national and international acclaim and has been translated into 14 languages. Her writing has been described as lyrical and she has been applauded for â€Å"writing prose with the luster of poetry. † Morrison won the prestigious Pulitzer Prize in 1988 for her novel  Belovedand the coveted Nobel Prize for Literature in 1993. In a released statement, the Nobel Prize Committee of the Swedish Academy awarded the prize to Morrison â€Å"who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality. † She is the first African-American writer to win the Nobel Prize, the first American woman to win in 55 years, and the eighth woman to win since the Nobel Prize was initiated in 1901. Morrison’s work, however, is not without controversy. In 1988, 48 African-American writers signed a letter protesting that her novel  Beloved  was overlooked for the National Book Award and the National Book Critics’ Circle Award. Many white authors and even some male African-American authors complained when she was selected for the Nobel Prize. They felt she received these awards due to preferential treatment based on race and sex. However, an overwhelming majority of the literary community agrees that such allegations are without merit. The Nobel Prize in Literature is not awarded for gender or race,† says Nadine Gordimer, the last woman to win the prize in 1991. â€Å"If it were, many thousands of mediocre writers might qualify. The significance of Toni Morrison’s winning the prize is simply that she is recognized internationally as an outstandingly fine writer. † Often the controversy surrounding such prizes are due in part to fierce competition for the money and prestige that are guaranteed to the rec ipients. Morrison has been hailed by experts for her ability to â€Å"re-imagine the lost history of her people. Others have recognized the Faulknerian influences in her work or that her plots have the sorrow of Greek tragedies. Along with the honor of winning the the Nobel Prize comes a cash award of $825,000. Morrison is currently the Robert F. Goheen Professor in the Council of the Humanities at Princeton University. Toni Morrison was born Chole Anthony Wofford in Lorrain, Ohio in 1931 during the Great Depression. (Toni is her nickname; Morrison is the name of her ex-husband. ) Her grandparents were former sharecroppers who migrated north from Alabama in 1910 to find a better life. Her family’s life was not without economic and racial hardships. They lived in a largely all-white town. Unpleasant memories of growing up there include being looked down upon because she was black. The only part-time job she could get at age 13 was cleaning people’s homes. In spite of these humble origins, Morrison received a B. A. from Howard University and a M. A. in English from Cornell University. Her master’s thesis was on writer William Faulkner, another Nobel Prize winner, whose work focused on life in the South. Upon graduation, one of her first round of jobs was teaching at Howard University. One of her students included writer Claude Brown who asked her to look at his 800 page manuscript. His book went on to become the classic urban autobiography  Manchild in the Promised Land. Another one of her students who went on to fame was Stokely Carmichael, a student activist and leader in the Black Power Movement of the sixties. In fact, the idea for her first book,  The Bluest Eye, came from the popular slogan â€Å"Black is Beautiful. Morrison placed a twist on that theme by focusing on a little black girl who did not think she was beautiful. After her teaching stints and the end of her marriage, she raised two sons as a single parent and wrote in her spare time. Morrison was hired by Random House, where she advanced from textbook editor to the position of senior editor. During her 18-year tenure, she helped writers to clean up their manuscripts, edited the  Black Book, a collection of Af rican-American memorabilia, and pushed for the publication of works by deserving, but often overlooked, African-American authors. Some of the authors that came to the limelight under her stewardship were Alice Walker, Gayle Jones, Gloria Naylor, and Toni Cade Bambara. Continuing to use Morrison as a guide, African-American female authors have emerged as a consistent and critical dimension in literature. In a 1994 interview with  Time  magazine, Morrison understands the significance of her work for female authors. â€Å"I felt I represented a whole world of women who either were silenced or who had never received the imprimatur of the established literary world. †¦ Seeing me up there might encourage them to write one of those books I’m desperate to read. † Before Morrison, the most successful African-American writers were males. For example, the work of acclaimed African-American novelist and essayist James Baldwin had tremendous literary impact in the fifties and sixties. Racial themes were explored as they had never been before in his books  Nobody Knows My Name  and  Go Tell It on the Mountain. Eventually, Baldwin felt uncomfortable living as a second-class citizen in the United States and became an ex-patriate who lived and worked from Paris. Richard Wright, Baldwin’s predecessor, was also an ex-patriate. Beginning with his autobiography  Black Boy  in 1945, Wright continued with  Outsiders, Uncle Tom’s Children, and his most important work  Native Son. Ralph Ellison wrote only one book. Yet Ellison’s Invisible Man won a National Book Award in 1952 and this allowed him to join the ranks of male authors successful at depicting the disenfranchisement of the African-Americans in the United States. Morrison is recognized as the most distinguished African-American novelist since Wright, Ellison, and Baldwin. In her work as an author, Morrison wanted to continue to broaden the perspective of American literature by telling the stories she felt were never told, stories about African-American girls and women and the racial and social pressures they faced. She wanted to write about people with the sensibilities of the culture she grew up in. Morrison wanted her work to focus on the joys and sorrows of their lives. She wrote her first novel when she was in her 30s. The Bluest Eye, published in 1970, is about a black girl who feels she has no beauty. If only her eyes were blue and her skin was white, then she could be someone who could be loved. The book received respectable attention. The Bluest Eye  became the first of many of Morrison’s explorations into the identity, self-esteem, and impact of racial discrimination on what she believes to be the most vulnerable—women and children. Sula, published in 1973, shows two friends, black and female, and how they fit and don’t fit into their community. With the publication of Song of Solomon in 1977, Morrison won critical and commercial success and the National Book Critics’ Circle Award. By the time her next novel  Tar Babywas due in the bookstores in 1981, she was featured on the cover ofNewsweek. Ever expanding on the theme of telling stories untold, it is said her bookBeloved  was written in memory of the millions of lives lost during slavery. The plot centers around an ex-slave Sethe who would rather kill her own children than risk that they be re-enslaved. The ghost of Sethe’s dead child tries to remain close to her mother and wreaks havoc when she cannot. All of the characters in  Beloved, Morrison’s Pulitzer Prize winning novel, try to recover from the personal and collective indignities of slavery. I was trying to make it a personal experience,† says Morrison in a question and answer interview with  Time  magazine. â€Å"The book was not about the institution—Slavery with a capital S. It was about these anonymous people called slaves. What they do to keep on, how they make a life, what they’re willing to risk, however long it lasts, in order to relate to one another—that was incredible to me,† she says. In 1992 Morrison published  Playing in the Dark, a collection of her Harvard lectures. In this collection she coins a new term, once again reinventing an already established concept. She teaches a humanities course that changes the term African-American to American Africanisms. This same year she also published  Race-ing Justice, En-Gendering Power, essays on the controversy surrounding the Clarence Thomas Supreme Court confirmation hearings. In her novel  Jazz, also published in 1992, Morrison continues her theme of giving a voice to the voiceless. Once again, she does everything she can to stretch the imagination. The novel makes both racial and historical statements about the inequities of life for African-Americans in the post-slavery era. With the writing of  Jazz, Morrison takes on new tasks and new risks. Jazz, for example, doesn’t fit the classic novel format in terms of design, sentence structure, or narration. Just like the music this novel is named after, the work is improvisational. In this work, she is influenced not only by the jazz, blues, and gospel music she was reared on, but also by the folklore, tall tales, and ghost stories that her family told for entertainment. The result is a writing style that has a unique mix of the musical, the magical, and the historical.

Economy Changing Paradigms In Global Financial Markets Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2547 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Global financial melt down in the recent decade have forced the governments of the rest of the world to think outside of the Dollar and triggered the need for a new global non-dollar financial system. A number of factors like 9-11 attack, abnormally low interest rates causing sub-prime crisis, flaws in regulatory side- introduction of the market risk amendment in 1996 etc have highlighted how Americans economic problems wreck havoc on other nations globally. US was the significant contributor for this crisis yet US simply printed fiat currency and exports inflation to oil consumers by keeping dollar cheap while draining resources backwardly.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Economy Changing Paradigms In Global Financial Markets Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Barry Eichengreen (2009) says that inspite of this global credit crisis, the dollar has benefitted from it and has strengthened against virtually every currency. Countries with low interest rates benefitted from this volatility for carrying out trades as the borrowings were repaid. It also researches that investors got back to traditional dollar considering it to be safe haven currency. Considering the wide number of market participants using dollar, dollar would continue its dominance. On the other hand Dorothe Enskog (2009) research highlights that there is a visible impact that the declining wealth of creditors nations with major victims being China, Japan, OPEC, and the Asian NIEs. Central banks have incurred losses on their holdings of US securities and have accelerated the diversification of their dollar portfolio. As per Resenweig (2009) in November 2009 India purchased 200 tons of gold to its reserves fearing that the US dollar may weaken. China and Mexico followed India and replaced their US reserves by gold. Likewise global investors may also react in similar manner. And sooner or later there will be a drift away from dollar to any other currency. Given this volatility in financial economy, considerable research is being done in analyzing delineating from dollar and moving to a non dollar economy. The challenge is that there are other countries that are tightly coupled with the dollar that it will be extremely difficult and costly for them to decouple from dollar. This paper reviews the historic and current foreign exchange reserves, gross domestic product, foreign exchange rates, current account balances, portfolio investments and other economic factors to analyze the feasibility of this transition. Literature Review The historical evidences of how the combination of international economic political power and convenience of use have brought about the evolution of reserve currency status for any currency. Prior to 1870 gold and silver were used for international transactions. Post that Britain was the single most important single participant of capital account transactions and became the principal currency. However World War I brought about a fatal blow to sterlings reserve currency status and US dollar emerged as an alternative to Pound Sterling. In 1917 Britain suspended convertibility of sterling into gold. Post World War I, US emerged as a net creditor having large current account surpluses and recycled it though dollar dominated loans to foreign governments. Roubini, Nouriel (2009) study also includes the history of dominance of financial currency that started with the John Maynard Keynes proposing 60 years ago an international currency called Bancor, based on 30 representative commodities. After World War II, international financial system established the Bretton Woods in 1944, a fixed-exchange rate regime after which France decided to bring in the dollar as a global reserve currency. And since then dollar has been the worlds most widely used currency with US being the most dominant economies. In 1960s Western European countries restored convertibility of their currencies for current account transactions and started accumulating US dollars thus raising first question against dollars reserve status. This problem was covered by a study by Triffin who said that when the foreign holdings of dollar exceeds USs gold holdings, the credibility of US commitment to convert gold at fixed price will no longer hold valid. US will then be forced to adopt deflationary policies for dollar value preservance. This is known as Triffins Dilemna. Since then the US dollars reserve status has been questioned a number of times. In 1967 SDR[1]was created to solve the Triffins Dilemna and to support Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates to alleviate the shortage of U.S. dollar and gold reserves in the expansion of international trade. Zhou (2009) has emphasized on the creation of an international currency unit, based on the Keynesian proposal and stated that the scope SDR should be broadened to enable it to fully satisfy the member countries ´ demand for a reserve currency. International and Reserve Currency Dollar fulfills all the necessary roles of a reserve currency Medium of Exchange : Required by central banks to manage unwanted foreign exchange fluctuations of their domestic currencies caused by outflow and inflow of capital by private bodies Unit of account : Required by countries for managing inflation and domestic monetary policy Store of value: Acts as self insurance for any balance of payment crisis and exchange rate instability. Dollar also possesses the essential characteristics and conditions required for any currency to classify as the international currency Economic Size: Substantially large share of world output and trade. Creditor Status : Price stability and overall macroeconomic stability Developed Financial System Offers high liquidity and greater degree of financial market development Network Externalities : Self generating demand of the international currency Craig Elwell (2007) in its report to the US Congress suggested that all these factors would continue to exist for quite a sizeable period along with dollars global availability and full convertibility. Areas of concern Global financial turmoil has caused serious imbalances in the economic stability especially in the last decade. According to the US Congressional Budget Office, the US budget deficit is anticipated to triple from USD455 billion (bn) to USD1.75 trillion (tr) (or 13% of gross domestic product (GDP)) in the year ending in September 2009 (Source IMF). Consequently the financiers of US current account deficit i.e. Japan, Europe, China and now emerging countries have felt the need to explore alternatives to dollar. USDs share in total world foreign reserves has declined from 72.7 percent in end-June 2001 to 62.8 percent as of end-June 2009 (Source: Federal Reserve) Figure 1 Current composition of World Foreign Reserves, Source: IMF Philip D Wooldridges key emerging markets have accumulated vast stockpiles of foreign exchange reserves. Most are dollar-denominated and siphoned to US assets. Chinas alternative to US Dollar as a reserve currency Suzanne McGee (2009) , Humpage (2009) and Zhou (2009) said that China is considering the diversification of reserves away from the US dollar; convincing the rest of the world through political and economic agencies of adopting a new global currency; and encouraging the international use of their own currencies. US economy is under-going important structural changes, which adds haze and mist to the prognosis. US may experience higher inflation than the rest of the world, which erodes the dollars purchasing power Figure 2 -Foreign Reserves held by countries, Source: IMF Exploring Euro as an alternative Chinn, M., Frankel, J. (2008) analyzed the possibility of the Euro taking over dollar as the as Leading International Currency. They concluded that if dollar precipitates and looses it position as the leading international currency, globally banks would considerably loose considerably their current stand causing the end of economic and political development supremacy. All the current privileges like accepting short term deposits at low interest rates in return for long term investments (easy financing of large US deficits) and that too at reasonable higher than average rate of returns would also be lost. They have however suggested that when pound lost its stand to dollar in last century, there is a possibility that Euro may surpass dollar. Fritz, Ratto and Int (2008) analyzed the QUEST III model (Ratto M, Roeger W, int Veld an estimated DSGE model of the euro area with fiscal and monetary policy). They studied the macroeconomic effects of change in foreign reserves composition that indicated the deterioration in trade balance and also causes exchange rate effect on trade balance and wealth effect on private consumption. Is SDR a credit alternative? Agnes M. Yap (2009) investigated the need for moving from dollar to non dollar Economy and exploring SDR as an alternative currency. Agnes suggested that global monetary policies are forced to maintain a stable exchange rate with the US dollar. This makes them more vulnerable compared to the domestic economic problems of the US. US governments massive debt may erode the future value of the US dollar. This will debase the value of US dollar assets and the foreign exchange reserves of other countries. US dollars global reserve currency status has allowed it to have access to easy credit from other countries. This assisted FED in keeping low interest rates and encouraged excessive spending in the US-leading to the current crisis. Other Research Saul Islakes (2009) argues that there are factors that favor of continuing with dollar economy. Moving to a non dollar economy will cause a great disruption in the global marketplace. Major commodities, cross-border transactions and trade deals are denominated in US dollars. Also the cost of bringing about a new global reserve currency may require some countries to subsidize the cost of bringing buyers and sellers together, until a critical number of countries have adopted a new currency. However at the same time the stability of dollar asset markets especially short term government securities, high liquidity in the financial markets, reduced exchange rate risk and lower borrowing cost may be poise a challenge for some other currency against dollar. Emerging markets are exerting considered pressure on key agencies to adopt a new global currency and internationalize their own currencies; China is calling for a new global currency to replace the dominant dollar, showing a growing assertiveness on revamping the world economy. However the fear of a sudden collapse in confidence could lead to a devastating dollar run by other foreign investors. It may cause a rapid depreciation of the dollar and interest rates. This will force emerging markets to loose their current significant wealth owing to the disproportionately large chunk of dollar-based assets. John Greenwood in Global Economic Insight (Nov 2009) highlighted the insecurity in the international monetary system and dollar has led to calls for a new system with a new denomination. These are: Any existing national currency in wide spread use like Euro, RmB, Yuan or Pound Synthetic currency designated for the purpose like SDR. John studied various possible currencies and concluded that all other currencies have both pros and cons tagged with them that make them favorable and also unfavorable as a replacement for dollar. Synthetic Research Problem The recent global meltdown has shifted the global monetary axis to non-dollar zones specifically China. The economic balance of power has resulted in engineering a paradigm shift to a great deal because of the United States relative weakness and Chinas relative strength. The debate still continues that whether dollar will be able to maintain its strength as the global currency or would this be a short lived and temporary. The question is whether the dollars status as the invoicing currency for international trade, the currency of denomination for oil and other commodity prices, and the base currency for foreignÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ exchangeÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ market transactions will remain or be lost? The study will analyze various factors like out and trade, business confidence levels, size of financial markets and exchange rates in determining the stability and suitability of dollar maintaining its international currency status. Objective of the Study Different studies have been done so far on finding whether it is possible to detach the tag dollar economy from the global economy. Various researches recommend the possibility of different existing financial currencies to overtake dollar (like RmB, Euro or SDR) while other research focuses on coming up with a single reserve currency as a replacement for dollar. This study would research would extend done the research by some of those papers and explore the possibility of whether it will be possible to divorce from the dollar world towards a common currency area? Are the alternatives currently under the microscope feasible or would dollar continue as the reserve currency? Methodology Data Collection The data would be sourced from Bloomberg, Federal Reserve, Bank for International Settlements (BIS), European Central Bank (ECB), Eurostat, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the United Nations (UN), and the World Bank (WB). There is no primary research included in this paper. The research done would be a secondary research. Foreign Exchange reserves Figure 3 Foreign Exchange Reserves Source: COFER Gross domestic product, constant prices Figure 4 GDP Source: IMF Business Confidence Figure 5- Business Confidence Source: OECD Foreign direct investments Figure 6- Foreign Direct Investments Source: IMF Export of Goods Services Figure 7- Export of Goods Services Source: IMF Import of Goods Services Figure 8- Import of Goods Services Source: IMF Current Account Balance Figure 9- Current Account Balance Source: IMF Foreign Exchange Rates Figure 10- Foreign Exchange Rates Source: COFER Currency composition of reserve portfolios FX market turnover by currency pair Data Cleansing The data is collected from various sources. The data format used from various sources may be inconsistent. Additionally there are certain missing data points for some specific time series / indicator. In case of missing data point linear interpolation technique with moving average will be used. Data Analysis Financial and GARCH time series tool box from MATLAB ® will be used for any matrix manipulations, algorithms like GARCH / EGARCH and plotting of functions and data. Some statistical analysis will also be done including regression, standard deviation, mean squared weighted deviation and correlation for verifying the analysis. GARCH GARCH (Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity) method assists in modeling the serial dependence of volatility of univariate time series data. Autoregressive provides a feedback mechanism that incorporates past observations into the present while Conditional implies a dependence on the observations of the immediate past. GARCH likelihood is a complicated and highly nonlinear function (Engle and Bollerslev, 1986) and provides an argument for the use of numerical derivatives. The basic GARCH(p,q) model is given by With constraints i = 1,2,3,ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦. p j = 1,2,3ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦q For GARCH(p,q) the lag lengths p and q, as well as the magnitudes of the coefficients and , determine the extent to which disturbances persist. Stationarity constraints are necessary and the sign of the disturbance is ignored. GARCH Limitations GARCH Models are usually applied to return series and decisions are rarely based solely on expected returns and volatilities. GARCH models often fail to capture highly irregular phenomena and other highly unanticipated events that can lead to significant structural change. EGARCH (Exponential GARCH) EGARCH(p,q) model for the conditional variance of the innovations with leverage terms and an explicit probability distribution assumption is Where EGARCH(p,q) models are treated as ARMA(P,Q) models for . Thus, the stationarity constraint for EGARCH(p,q) models is included by ensuring that the eigenvalues of the characteristic polynomial are inside the unit circle. The standardized innovation makes EGARCH models fundamentally different from GARCH model that acts as the forcing variable for both the conditional variance and the error. GARCH model allow for volatility clustering (i.e., persistence) by a combination of the and terms, whereas persistence in EGARCH models is entirely captured by the terms. Research Findings Recommendation

A History of Humans - 655 Words

Humans are a complex organism. The theory of evolution suggests that we all came from a single ancestor and have evolved over millions of years to create our species that lives to this day. But what is evolution? Who did we all evolve from? What makes us different than this ancestor of ours? What is Evolution? Evolution is a process that results in heritable changes in a population spread over many generations. Scientist Charles Darwin believed that natural selection was one of the main reasons for evolution. He also believed that complex creatures come from simple ancestors that changed over a period of time. As random mutations occur within an organisms genetic code, the beneficial mutations are preserved because they helped survival. A mutation is the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that might be transmitted to future generations. A gene is a unit of heredity that is passed down from a parent to offspring and determines some characteristic of the offspring. Natural selection is the environment choosing which mutations of genes would be beneficial and which would lead to the extinction of that species. The beneficial mutations are passed on through genes from parent to their offsprings. Overtime, this process is what formed humans to be so complex. As the genes of humans randomly mutated and caused a variation of species, natural selection decided who will live on and who will die out. If there was a bad mutation, then the species wouldShow MoreRelatedHistory Of Human History1342 Words   |  6 PagesIt’s 2134 and it’s some of the darkest times in human history. The world went into full World War Three, it was the new cold war, however this time all the countries that had nuclear war heads launched them at one another and put it in a full nuclear apocalypse. 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Homo sapiens were the first to bury their dead, and are the closest â€Å"extinct cousins of modern- day humans†. Homo habilis , which was the first (â€Å"tool – making human†) to make the first stone and bone tools, which were made to skin and chop animal fle sh. Homo habilis made tools not weapons, they were scavengers who ate solely off the land. TheyRead MoreHuman Rights in History1779 Words   |  7 PagesNot only has it taken several years for human rights to be a legitimate international concern throughout the world, it is yet to be settled. They are still under development and require a range of actions before human rights are fully enforced. But what are human rights? Human rights could be defined in various number of statements. It could be people gifted with a set of rights and protections because they are human. Or simply, a right which belongs to every individual. With a number of major treaties

Why People Arent Talking About Persuasive Essay Writing and What You Should Do Right Now About It

Why People Aren't Talking About Persuasive Essay Writing and What You Should Do Right Now About It Persuasive essay writing is extremely simple writing with first thought but is really quite tricky to master, and as a consequence the students become confused and are unable to finish the assignments in time. Needless to say, reading blogs isn't overly useful. Name hints, somebody help you are searching for the topics to provide help. Our writing service is attempting to find its own approach to every endeavor. Certain elements written into your hardship letter can help to make your case to the bank although others can damage your probability of getting a brief sale approval. Perhaps you're just busy to complete an assignment on your own and you require some expert assistance. This kind of assignment is essential during college days as it helps during professional life in future. All About Persuasive Essay Writing Essay contains 3 sections. Therefore, when you believe you can't take essay assignments anymore, just hire us and we'll put our very best foot forward to help you. So as to compose a concrete, persuasive essay, you will have to do your homework on the subject. Also you must select the topic and define the deadline. Essay writing isn't a common job, but unfortunately students take it as. The significant forms of English essays are discussed in the subsequent section of English Essay Writing Help. You should select the topic that isn't overly employed by other students. At times students are predicted to finish some essays each week. One of the most frequent kinds of writing is essay writing. It would be helpful to browse persuasive essay examples to check through the full structure. There are a lot of forms of essays which may make any student confused. When it has to do with persuasive essay writing there are several distinct styles and approaches you may take that may do the job for you in varying degrees. Each essay includes an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. You might also see expository essay. Your essay will be prepared on time. Persuasive essays share a good deal of resemblance with argumentative essays. At our essay assistance, essays are always delivered in a brief moment. You must be well-acquainted with all sorts of essays as a way to write a great essay. You might also see synthesis essay. You should also understand how to compose a persuasive essay, namely how to organize pieces of the persuasive essay in how that will do the job best. Many students find it challenging to compose a decent persuasive essay. While it is clear that essays are an inevitable part of college life, it's the understanding of the small essay writing tips and secrets that makes college professors content. You might also see college essay. Though persuasive essays are some of the the easiest sorts of writing to finish, that doesn't signify that students aren't challenged in writing them. New Ideas Into Persuasive Essay Writing Never Before Revealed On the opposing side, obtaining a list of good persuasive essay topics is inadequate. Most academic essay topics usually ask you to select a side in an argument or maybe to defend a specific side against criticism. When you compose a persuasive essay, you don't just need to give out information but in addition give reasons and facts to strengthen your topic. This kind of essay is intended to organize things in categories and after that provide examples of the things that may fit in every c ategory. Persuasive writing can be challenging, especially whenever you're made to face with a close-minded audience. Thus selecting an expert for doing your essays could be the most suitable alternative. Through the duration of history, writing was used to begin a revolution.

Business Ethics and the Global Dimensions of Business free essay sample

Please Follow These Procedures: If requested by your mentor, use an assignment cover sheet as the first page of the word processor file. The assignment header should include the Learner’s last name, first initial, course code, dash, and assignment number (DoeJXXX0000-1) justified to the left and the page number justified to the right. Keep a Photocopy or Electronic Copy of Your Assignments: You may need to re-submit assignments if your mentor has indicated that you may or must do so. Academic Integrity: All work submitted in each course must be the Learner’s own. This includes all assignments, exams, term papers, and other projects required by the faculty mentor. The known submission of another person’s work represented as that of the Learner’s without properly citing the source of the work will be considered plagiarism and will result in an unsatisfactory grade for the work submitted or for the entire course, and may result in academic dismissal. SKS7000-8 Dr. Mary Beth Klinger Doctoral Comprehensive Strategic Knowledge Studies 1 Faculty Use Only Faculty Use Only Hi, You did a nice job overall with your third activity with business ethics and the global dimension of business within Asia. Your paper was set up well and nicely flowed from one section to another. You included good information throughout and incorporated a number of good academic reference sources from peer-reviewed texts. Your content was well laid out and nicely written. Please continue to try and incorporate in-text reference sources. Your APA formatting is improving, but it still needs some work. Please see my comments in red font below. Dr. Mary Beth KlingerGrade: 9. 44/10Date: November 7, 2012 Business Ethics and the Global Dimensions of Business By Date: November 4, 2012 Assignment: 3 Introduction XYZ Construction Inc. is headquartered in Denver, Colorado; the company has 16 field offices spread throughout 11 States. There are 2,300 year round employees with a surge of 4,500 employees during the peak construction periods. XYZ Construction Inc. began in the late 1950’s as a privately owned family business. Recently, the family would like to move the company into the public sector within a 12 month period. XYZ Construction, Inc. performs horizontal construction with specialties in: Roads Bridges Airfields (Klinger, 2012). Currently, XYZ Construction Inc. receives a majority of their contracts from the state government. The purpose of this essay is to analyze and discuss ethical and social issues, along with cultural diversity when expanding into the Asian market. Also, we will determine if this venture into the Asian market will be short-term or a long-term business venture. Good introduction. Cultural Diversity XYZ Construction Inc. must learn the Asian culture so that nothing will be offensive; such things are the importance of different colors, lettering, and even certain pictures. Culture diversity could be defined as a combination or mixture of different cultures; whether locally or worldwide. Some organizations may not accept other countries values or ethics because it may be a conflict with their own. By looking at the economic growth within the Asian region could help XYZ analyze where they should begin and how far they can grow economically. Opening within a region where you are not familiar with the culture could be a downfall for organization. This is why it’s important to ask the question: What type of framework should we apply to social diversity in order to do business within the Asian market? Good. Just as XYZ Construction Inc. has environmental protection laws to follow in the United States they must also follow the Asian environmental protection laws. It would be a good idea to get an understanding before opening a construction office in either country in Asia. A good start of learning the Asian laws would be seeking help from our EPA office. Gather the information and pass it along to the Officer in charge of the Asian Organization so the guidelines can be written in a manual. Other helpful information would be learning the Workers Compensation laws which must be placed in the office in English and the native tongue of the country the office is located. Very creative ideas. What reference sources could you incorporate into this section? What outside source would work well here? Ethical Issues When an American company is trying to get established in other countries we must consider that country’s culture, customs, language, beliefs, religion, and social aspects when doing business internationally, so that we don’t offend them in an unethical or immoral way. For example when Coca-Cola presented their famous brand logo of a White background with Red lettering to the Chinese government it wasn’t accepted. Coca-Cola had to reverse the brand logo colors to a Red background with White lettering. As stated on Liny (2011) this coincides with the traditional Chinese festival colour: red. In china, red has special meanings to Chinese people. It is a traditional popular festival colour which reflects happiness, prosperity, luck, celebration and the spiritual and material pursuits of Chinese people. Here’s an exact picture of the Coca-Cola logo in China and the logo in the United States: Figure 1: Coca-Cola Logo Chinese versus American Another issue is some cultures don’t believe in conducting business with women or educating women; however, it is an act of discrimination within the United States. Various managerial styles are used in planning and decision making, including an authoritarian style, a consultative style, a participative style, or a democratic form or leadership (Executive Concepts in Business Strategy, 2011). XYZ Construction Inc. should also consider in hiring an expert that is local to run the Asian business so that they have all the major components or the inside as to how to do business within a foreign region. One asks is it wrong using an expert within your company that is local that may hurt the country in the long run? What ethics code of conduct will the company abide by? As stated in the textbook, Executive Concepts in Business Strategy (2011), â€Å"Ethical challenges are present in the general international business environment as well as in individual organizations conducting global trade† (p. 566). Here are some components of the code of ethics: 1. The purpose of the code, including (a) regulation of behavior and (b) inspiration to employees 2. A statement of aspirations that is often included in a preamble that outlines the ideals a company aspires to for its employees. The statement should include the values and principles of the organization. 3. A list of principles 4. A list of rules, if needed 5. A statement regarding how the code was created 6. How the code will be implemented 7. How the code will be publicized internally to employees 8. How the code will be publicized externally to constituents and publics 9. How the code will be enforced 10. A statement regarding how and when the code will be revised 11. Most of the time, values, principles and rules are listed in order of importance Why did your font type change here? Companies should not hide nor divulge any information that will be life threatening or wrong for business, failing to disclose accurate information can legally put the company at risk and may very well prohibit other up-coming other business’s from getting the opportunity to go global. As a manger within the construction company, if corruption exists, how would they handle the issue? Drucker (2009), mentions that â€Å"business ethics† very origin is political rather than in ethics (p. 23). â€Å"It expresses a belief that the responsibility which business and the business executive have, precisely because they have social impact, must determine ethics-and this is a political rather than an ethical imperative† (Drucker, p. 23). Lastly, we can mention the unethical practices like bribery, hiring minors or taking advantage of the less fortunate. Corruption is prominent in the Asian market due to a lot of family-owned business groups. Corruption is generally defined as ‘behavior which deviates from the formal duties of a public role because private-regarding (private clique, or personal close family) pecuniary or status gains; or violates rules against the exercise of certain types of private- regarding influence’ (Nye 1967, p. 419). (Rama, 2011 p. 505) (Nye, 1967, p. 419; Rama, 2011, p. 505). These family group organizations could influence the government decisions and the economy by not allowing or delaying approval of a contract or business license. Good points. Social Issues XYZ Construction Inc. must understand the social issues that may have a negative impact on their company. They have a social responsibility regardless of the country that they are in. According to our textbook, Executive Concepts in Business Strategy (2011), â€Å"Social responsibility is the obligation an organization (profit-seeking or nonprofit) has to be ethical, responsible, and responsive to the needs of the members in the organization as well as the larger society. † (p. 545) Remember that your period goes after the in-text citation. To support this, Friedman’s doctrine (1970) bout â€Å"social responsibilities of business† is that â€Å"A corporation is an artificial person and in this sense may have artificial responsibilities, but â€Å"business† as a whole cannot be said to have responsibilities, even in this vague sense†¦. the social responsibility of business is to ask precisely what it implies for whom. † (p. 2). All direct quotes 40 words need to be placed in a block quotation. XYZ should have a positive impact on the country by using environmentally safe materials along with not violating any laws by applying for permits and licenses in a timely manner.

SAP and the Evolving Enterprise Resource Planning Software Industry

System application and product (SAP) was founded in 1972 by five German IBM computer analysts who had left Company. SAP mission is to design software programs for central coordination and processing of information on cross functional and cross divisional financial transactions in a company’s value chain.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on SAP and the Evolving Enterprise Resource Planning Software Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is focused on developing enterprise resource planning system (ERP); a multi module applications software that allow companies to manage set of activities and transaction necessary to manage business processes, moving of products from the input stage along the value chain to the final customer. SAP is focused on making a system that can recognize, monitor , measure, and evaluate all the transactions involved in a business process such as product planning, purchasing of input from supplier, manufacturing process, inventory and order processing, and customer self service. SAP goals are to come up with EPR system that provides companies with a standardized information technology platform giving complete information about all aspects of its business process and divisions. This is to allow business to constantly search for ways to perform these process more efficiently and lower its cost structure, improve its services and products in order to raise their value to customer. It aims at coming up with software that can provide information that allows for the design of product that match customer needs and lead to superior responsiveness to customer. It also, aims at making software that portrayed companies on the performance of their products and goods in various markets. Additionally, SAP intends to make software that can compare and measure company’s transactions in all divisions and reveal any problems a company is experiencing. For instance i t can detect company’s unwanted expenditures. SAP’s strategy led invention of R/1, its first EPR software in 1973. SAP focused on influential niche of companies and helped in developing a global base of leading companies. It strategized to create a global industry standard for EPR through providing the best business application software infrastructure.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To increase its customers, SAP switched strategies in 1980. It decided to focus primarily on outsourcing, external consulting, and implementation of services needed to install and service its software on site in a particular company. It formed alliance series with major global consulting companies like IBM, Accenture, and Cap Gemini to install R/1 system in its growing base of global customers. In its U.S subsidiary, each regional SAP division started developing its own proced ure for pricing SAP software, offering discounts, dealing with customer complaints, and even rewarding its employees and consultants. To solve problem of competition SAP sought a quick fix by releasing new R/3 solution for ERP internet enabled SCM and CRM solution which converted its internal ERP system into an externally based network platform. By providing a simpler and cheaper version of its application software coupled with the introduction of the many mySAP business solution packages, SAP broadened its offering targeted market not only to large corporation but also to small medium seized companies. To support its mySAP initiative, SAP continued to build in house training and consulting capabilities to increase its share of revenue from service side its business. It increased web software which paid off because the company was now better able to recognize the problems experienced by customer. Also, SAP was seeking to establish R/3 as new ERP market standard and lock in customer before competitors could offer viable alternatives. This strategy was vital for its future success, given the way an ERP system changes the nature of customer’s business process once it is installed and running due to high switching costs involved in moving to another ERP product, and the involved costs that customer warrants void. SAP standardized the way each subsidiary or division operated across the company, thus making it easier to transfer people and knowledge where they were needed most. It also developed a large global training function to provide the extensive ERP training that consultants needed and charged both individuals and consulting company’s high fees for attending this course so that they would be able work with the SAP platform. SAP’s strength includes developing an EPR system which can provide a company with the information needed to achieve the best industry practices across its operations. SAP earns more revenues from training consultants i n the intricacies of installing and maintaining SAP’s ERP system.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on SAP and the Evolving Enterprise Resource Planning Software Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It depends much on consulting companies and on becoming the expert in the installation / customization. Introduction of SAP’s R/3 outperformed its competitor product in a technical sense and once again allowed it to charge premium price for its new software. SAP’s weaknesses are that its R/1 software installation process was long and complicated. For a company to adapt its information systems to fit the SAP’s software; it must use consultants to rework the way it performs and its values chain activities so that its business process and information system can become compatible with SAP’s software. SAP relying much on consulting and becoming expert in installation/customization b rought problems later since it lost first hand knowledge of its customer’ problem and an understanding of the changing needs of its customer’ especially when the internet and cross company integration became a major competitive factor in ERP industry. SAP ignored marketing and sales competency and focused on developing its technical competency. Its top managers were not experienced business managers who understood the problem of implementing a rapidly growing company’s strategy on a global basis. It lacked standardization and integration inside America and indeed between many foreign subsidiaries and their headquarters in Germany. It did not have a monitoring or coordination mechanism in place to share own best practices between its consultants and division, and organizing by region in the United States was doing little to build core competences. SAP’s R/3 was also criticized for being too standardized because it forced all companies to adapt what SAP had decided were best industry practices. Reconfiguring the software to fit certain companies’ needs took along time and sometimes did not perform as well as expected. SAP’s opportunities included updating of its basic ERP platform to accommodate the needs of companies in different kinds of industries. It registered in Frankfurt stock exchange 1988 to raise cash for its development after which it dominated ERP software sales.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Because of R/3 growing popularity SAP decentralized and controlled marketing, sale, and installation of its software on global basis but its research and development remained in Germany. Developing of internet and broadband technology become important force in shaping a company’s business model and process in future. The internet was changing the way in which the company viewed its boundaries; through the emergence of global ecommerce and online cross company’s business process both at the input and output sides. Developing web software was also made it easier for the company to cooperate and work with supplier and manufacturing company and to outsource activities to specialists. Oracle began its own EPR software which posed a threat to SAP since it did not develop its own database management software package; its system was designed to be compatible with Oracle’s data base management software. SAP decentralization faced a problem since it could not provide thor ough training on consultants needed to perform the installation of its software. Some of consultants would leave after training to join other company or start an industry specific SAP consulting practice. People had notion that SAP software are difficult and expensive to implement which hurt its reputation and sales. SAP was involved in disputes with other companies over the R/3 software. For instance, Chevron major creditors sued SAP in court alleging that the company had promised that R/3 would do more than it could. SAP decentralization mission to supply software that linked functions and divisions did not come true; it separated them and characteristic problem of too much decentralization of authority soon became evident in SAP. Internet development also posed a severe threat to SAP’s management who had been proud of the fact that until now they had developed every thing internally. Rivalry among major software makers in the new web based software market became more inten se and SAP had to deal with competition from large and small software companies that were breaking into the new web based ERP environment. Oracle emerged as its major competitor; it had taken its core data base management software used by large companies and overlaid it. New companies like Siebel system, Commerce one, Ariba, and Marcum which emerged as niche players in some software application such as SCM, CRM, internet, or website development and hosting also began to build and expand their product offering so that they now posed ERP modules that competed with some of SAP’s most lucrative R/3 modules. In its implementation, SAP culture was built on values and norms that emphasized technical innovation, and the development of leading ERP software. SAP invested most of its money into research and development to fund projects that would add to its platform’s capabilities. SAP was product focused company and believed research and development would produce technical advan ces that would be the source of its competitive advantage. It ventured in ERP in1973 through introducing R/1 and 1981 SAP introduced its second generation ERP software, R/2. In 1992 SAP introduced R/3 which offered seamless, real time integration for over 80% of a company’s business process. It embedded in the platform hundreds and then thousands of industry best practices solution or templates that customer could use to improve their operation and processes. In the first years SAP did not only developed EPR software but it used its own internal consultants to install it physically on site to its customers, corporation, and IT centers. It also emphasized on innovation. SAP decentralized control of its marketing, sales, and installation to its subsidiaries. Its top managers operated from the beginning by creating a flat hierarchy to create an internal environment where people could take risks and try new ideas of their own choosing. If mistakes occurred or projects did not wor k out, employees were given the freedom to try a different approach. Hard work, teamwork, openness, and speed were the norms of their culture. Required meeting were rare and offices were frequently empty because most of the employees were concentrating on research and development. SAP established human resource management in 1997 to build a more formal organization. Its goal was to standardize the way each subsidiary or division operated across the company, thus making it easier to transfer people and knowledge where they were needed most. It also developed a large global training function to provide the extensive ERP training that consultants needed and charged both individuals and consulting company’s high fees for attending this course so that they would be able work with the SAP platform. In 1998 SAP followed industry solution maps, business technology maps, and service maps, all of which were aimed at making its R/3 system dynamic and responsive to changes in industry co nditions. SAP’s business model and strategies became clear when it introduced its mySAP.com (mySAP) initiative to gain control of the web based ERP, SCM and CRM market; to extend its research into any ecommerce or internet based software application. SAP’s software would no longer force the customer to adapt to SAP’s standardized architecture; mySAP software was adapted to facilitate company’s transition into a business. MySAP provided the platform that would allow SAP’S product offering to expand broaden overtime; important feature because web based software was evolving to ever more varied application. SAP focused on making mySAP more affordable by breaking up its modules and business solutions into smaller, separate products. Customer could choose which particular solution best met their specific needs; they no longer had to buy the whole package. Given existing resources constraints and time pressure and the need to create a more profitable bus iness model, in the 2000 SAP realized that it needed to partner with companies that now dominated in various niches of the software market. By utilizing already developed best of breed software, SAP would have to deploy the capital necessary if it were to go it alone. In addition, synergies across partner companies might allow future development to be accomplished more efficiently and enable it to bring new mySAP products to the market more quickly. It also used acquisition to drive its entry into new segment of the acquisition to drive its entry into new segment of the web software. It started SAP hosting to provide hosting and web maintenance services. The recession that started in 2000 and increased competition in the ERP industry, SAP and Oracle in particular battled to protect and increase their market share. Implementing mySAP, SAP had begun to centralize authority and control in order to standardize its own business processes and manage knowledge effectively across organizati onal subunits. To respond to changing customer needs for product customization, SAP now moved to decentralize control to programmers and its sales force to manage problems where and when they arose. SAP’s managers felt that in an environment where market were saturated with ERP vendor and where customer wanted services and system that are to use, it was important to get close to the customer. SAP put in place its own application software for integrating across its operating division and subsidiaries allowing them to share best practices and new development and thus avoid problem that come with too much decentralization of authority. To speed the software development process, SAP divided its central German software development group into three teams in 2000. One team works on the development of new product and feature, the second refines and updates functions in its existing products, and third works on making SAP products easier to install. After 2001 once again to speed up t he implementation of the mySAP initiative, SAP folded the market and SAP portals subsidiaries into SAP’s other operation and split the SAP product line into distinct but related mySAP product group each of which was to be treated as an independent profit center, with the head of each product group reporting directly to SAP’s chairperson. SAP also changed the way the three German engineering groups worked with the different mySAP products groups. The software engineer at its German headquarter beside conducting basic research and development would be responsible for coordinating the efforts of different mySAP engineering groups, sharing new software developments among groups, providing expert solutions, and ensuring all different mySAP applications worked together. SAP opened the development process to its competitor and allowed them to work with SAP team to make their products compatible with SAP’s product and with the computer platform or legacy system already installed in their customers operation. The company also instituted stricter training and certification method for consultants to improve the level of quality control and protect its reputation. At global level, SAP grouped is national subsidiaries into three main world regions: Europe, the America, and Asia/Pacific. This grouping made it easier to transfer knowledge and information between countries and serve the specific demands of national market inside each region. Also this global structure made it easier to manage relationship with consulting companies and to coordinate regional marketing and training effort, both under the jurisdiction of the centralized marketing and training operations. In 2002 SAP introduced R/3 enterprise which targeted at customer not yet ready to make the leap to mySAP. It was a collection of web software that can be added easily to the R/3 platform to provide a company with the ability to network with other companies and perform many ecommerce operatio ns. They also developed a new business computing solution called SAP NetWeaver; a web based open integration and application platform that serves as foundation for enterprise serve as the foundation for enterprise service oriented architecture and allows the integration and alignment of people, information, and business processes across business and technology boundaries. To control SAP’s operations, it introduced human resource management. It developed job description and job title, and put in place a career structure that would motivate employees and keep them loyal to the company. SAP put in place reward system which included stock option to increase the loyalty of their technicians, who were being attracted away by their competitor or had started their business because SAP did not offer a future career path. It operated formally, and centralized to encourage organizational learning and promote sharing of own best implementation practices across division and subsidiaries. To improve the cost effectiveness of mySAP installation, SAP sought a better way to manage its relationship with consulting companies. It moved to a parallel sourcing policy in which several consulting firms competed for a customer’s business and it made sure a SAP consultant was always involved in the installation and service effort to monitor external consultant’s performance. This helped keep service cost under control for customers. Because customers’ needs changed so quickly in this fast paced market and SAP continually improved its products with incremental innovation and additional capabilities, it also insisted that consultants undertake continual training to update their skills, training for which it charged high fees. SAP adopted a stock option program to retain valuable employees after losing many key employees to competitor. It increasingly embraced the concept of open architecture and its mySAP offerings are compatible with the products of most othe r software makers. It had already ensured that its mySAP platform worked with operating system such as Microsoft NT, Sun’s Java, and UNIX. To reduce cost, SAP began to outsource its routine future programming development work overseas to low cost countries such as India. SAP also began to use its expanding Indian research center to develop new ERP modules to serve new customer in a more industries or vertical markets. In evaluation SAP has drastically made innovations on EPR which has made it to survive and thrive well in global software market. It has over years experienced growth in software sales, consulting, maintenance and training. Its maintenance service has provided continuous improvement, quality management, and problem solution so that client stays up to date with the best business practice that the company embeds to its software. It has continued to experience increase in net income. It has worked hard to compete with other competitor companies and build up its cus tomer base in order to increase its profit margin In recommendation SAP should search out new ways to increase growth and generate revenues because the market is getting saturated now that most large companies have adopted best practice ERP software. To generate increased revenue SAP should increase involvement in service training activities, which will put it in direct competition with IT consulting companies such as IBM and Cap Gemini. It should also broaden the range of products it offers to the SME business segment in order to compete with Oracle, Microsoft and New internet companies. To survive in future, SAP should focus on making investors believe in future growth potential of acquisition and business model. It should focus on increasing profitability by improving productivity, to better serve its users with new products and expand to new industries, help customers transition and gain benefits from enterprise SOA, which using netweaver allows customer to seamlessly integrate the software of different vendors into a whole and links it to the internet, making possible real time upgrades and improvements. SAP should continuously embark on strength in developing an EPR system which can provide a company with the information needed to achieve the best industry practices across its operations. It should work to become expert in the installation / customization and outperformed its competitor product in a technical sense. It should ensure that its R/1 software installation process brief and easy. SAP should also focus on marketing and sales competency. It should employ top managers who are experienced for them to understand the problem of implementing a rapidly growing company’s strategy on a global basis. It should have standardization and integration inside America and indeed between many foreign subsidiaries and their headquarters in Germany. It should embrace internet and broadband technology to Shape Company’s business model and process in f uture. This case study on SAP and the Evolving Enterprise Resource Planning Software Industry was written and submitted by user NicoMinoru to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.